World Marmot
Common name: Alpine marmot
Latin name: Marmota marmota
Social system:
Extended family
Life expectancy
: 15 to 18 years.
Age at dispersion:
2 to 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
2 to 3 years
Size
: Their body size reach between 42 and 54 cm in length, not including the tail, which measures between 13 to 16 cm on average.
Location:
The Alpine marmot lives at heights between 800 and 3,200 meters throughout the European Alps, including the alpine areas of France, Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Slovenia and Austria.
Habitat:
The Alpine marmots prefer alpine meadows and high-altitude pastures, where colonies live in deep burrow systems situated in alluvial soil or rocky areas.
Population status:
Stable, LC
Zoonosis:
Anoplocephalid tapeworm
Hibernation time:
They spend up to 9 months per year in hibernation.
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=178597
Common name:
Himalayan marmot
Latin name:
Marmota himalayana
Life expectancy:
15 to 20 years
Age at dispersion:
3 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Extended family
Size:
Males are 47 to 67 cm long and females are 45 to 52 cm long. Males weigh about 6kg and females about 5kg.
Location:
Himalayan marmots can survive at altitudes up to 5,000 meters in the Himalayan regions of India, Nepal, and Pakistan and on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China.
Habitat:
High mountain meadows
Population status:
Unknown, LC
Zoonosis:
Plague, Marmota Himalayana hepatitis A virus (MHHAV), Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), Bocaparvovirus, pathogenic E. coli
Hibernation time:
8 months
Common name:
Long-tailed marmot
Latin name:
Marmota caudata
Age at dispersion:
3 to 4 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 to 4 years
Social system:
Extended family
Size:
Body weight ranges from 4kg to 5kg, body length ranges from 448mm to 530mm.
Location:
The long-tailed marmot occurs in Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, India and China.
Habitat:
High mountain meadows
Population status:
Unknown, LC
Zoonosis:
Plague
Hibernation time:
7 to 8 months
Common name:
Marmota baibacina
Latin name:
Marmota baibacina
Age at dispersion:
More than 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
2 to 4 years
Social system:
Extended family
Size:
The body weight ranges from 4 to 6.5 kg. The total body length ranges from about 60 to 80 cm which includes the 13 to 15 cm long tail.
Location:
Their distribution extends from the Altai mountains of southwestern Siberia (Tuva, Russia), western Mongolia, northwestern China (Xinjiang), and eastern Kazakhstan, into the Tien Shan mountains of northwestern China, Kyrgyzstan, and southeastern Kazakhstan.
Habitat:
They occur in elevations from 150 to 4000 m of alpine meadow, alpine forest and forest steppe and prefer mild to moderate well-draining slopes with suitable soil for burrowing.
Population status:
Unknown, LC
Zoonosis:
Plague
Hibernation time:
7 to 8 months starting in fall and ending in May.
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=9549763
Common name:
Mongolia marmot
Latin name:
Marmota sibirica
Age at dispersion:
More than 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
2 years
Social system:
Extended family
Size:
Adults are 36 to 50 cm in length, which not including a short tail measuring 11 to 12 cm.
Location:
It is found in China (Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang), northern and western Mongolia, and Russia (southwest Siberia, Tuva, Transbaikalia). The range of Mongolia marmot overlaps with that of the Gray marmot.
Habitat:
Alpine meadows, permafrost, xeric habitat
Endangered:
Decreasing, EN
Zoonosis:
Plague
Hibernation time:
About 6 months
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=7566004
Common name:
Alaska marmot
Latin name:
Marmota broweri
Age at dispersion:
More than 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
Unknown
Social system:
Extended family
Zoonosis:
Plague
Hibernation time:
8 months
Size:
Alaska marmots range from about 54 to 65 cm in length and 2.5 to 4 kg in weight.
Location:
The Alaska marmot is Nearctic and exists in the mountains that lie north of the Yukon and Porcupine rivers in central and northern Alaska.
Habitat:
Alpine meadows and permafrost
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Common name:
Woodchuck
Latin name:
Marmota monax
Age at dispersion:
0 years
Age at first reproduction:
1 years
Social system:
Solitary
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Size:
Adults are 40 to 50 cm in length, including a 15 cm tail. Woodchuck weight ranges from 2 to 6 kg.
Life expectancy:
Woodchuck is reported to live up to 14 years in captivity.
Location:
It is found through much of the eastern United States across Canada and into Alaska.
Habitat:
The Woodchuck is a lowland creature, living in rocky and mountainous areas.
Zoonosis:
Woodchuck hepatitis A virus (WHHAV), Woodchuck hepatitis B virus (WHHBV), Woodchuck hepatitis delta virus (WHHDV), Powassan virus (POWV), and Toxoplasmosis
Hibernation time:
In most areas, Woodchuck hibernates from October to March or April, but in more temperate areas, they may hibernate as little as three months.
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=46548677
Common name:
Olympic marmot
Latin name:
Marmota olympus
Age at dispersion:
2 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Size:
The Olympic marmot is about the size of a domestic cat. Adults weigh from 3.1 to 11 kg and are from 67 to 75 cm in length. This species has the most pronounced sexual dimorphism found in marmots, with adult males weighing on average 9.3 kg and adult females weighing 7.1 kg.
Location:
The Olympic marmot occurs only in the U.S. state of Washington, on the middle elevations of the Olympic Peninsula.
Habitat:
Olympic marmots inhabit lush sub-alpine and alpine meadows, fields, and montane scree slopes.
Endangered:
Decreasing, LC
Zoonosis:
Not reported
Hibernation time:
7 to 8 months
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=36778054
Common name:
Yellow-bellied marmot
Latin name:
Marmota flaviventris
Age at dispersion:
2 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Size:
Adult males typically weigh between 3 to 5 kg and adult females typically weigh between 1.6 to 4 kg. They measure from 47 to 68 cm in length with a short tail measuring 13 to 21 cm.
Location:
Yellow-bellied marmot is native to mountainous regions of southwestern Canada and western United States, typically living above 2,000 m.
Habitat:
They are found in valleys, meadows, and foothills.
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Zoonosis:
Not reported
Hibernation time:
8 months
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=10871875
Common name:
Vancouver Island marmot
Latin name:
Marmota vancouverensis
Age at dispersion:
2 years
Age at first reproduction:
4 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Endangered:
Decreasing, CR
Size:
An adult Vancouver Island marmot typically weighs between 3 to 7 kg and measures 56 to 70 cm including its tail.
Location:
The Vancouver Island marmot naturally occurs only in the high mountains of Vancouver Island in British Columbia.
Habitat:
Subalpine meadows
Zoonosis:
Not reported
Hibernation time:
Wild Vancouver Island marmots hibernate for about 7 months per year.
Common name:
Hoary marmot
Latin name:
Marmota caligata
Age at dispersion:
2 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Size:
Adults range from 62 to 82 cm in total length including a 17 to 25 cm tail, and from an average of 3.75 to 7 kg in weight.
Location:
Hoary marmots occur from southern Washington and central Idaho north, and are found through much of Alaska south of the Yukon River.
Habitat:
Hoary marmots live above the tree line, at elevations of 2,500 m in rocky terrain or alpine meadows and Krummholz forest patches.
Zoonosis:
Not reported
Hibernation time:
8 months
Common name:
Menzbier's marmot
Latin name:
Marmota menzbieri
Age at dispersion:
Unknown
Age at first reproduction:
1 to 7 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Size:
Adults are about 45 cm in length and 2.4 kg in weight on average.
Location:
It is found in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan.
Habitat:
Temperate grassland at the elevation range from 2,000 to 3,400 m.
Endangered:
Decreasing, VU
Zoonosis:
Not reported
Hibernation time:
The Menzbier's marmots start hibernation at August or September and end hibernation depending on the time of snow-melting.
Common name:
Black-capped marmot
Latin name:
Marmota camtschatica
Age at dispersion:
More than 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Size:
Adults range from 45 to 51 cm in length and about 2.0 to 7.5 kg in weight.
Location:
It is endemic to Russia.
Habitat:
Alpine meadows and permafrost
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Zoonosis:
Plague and Cestodes
Hibernation time:
8 to 9 months per year
Common name:
Bobak marmot
Latin name:
Marmota bobak
Age at dispersion:
More than 3 years
Age at first reproduction:
3 years
Social system:
Restricted family
Size:
Adults range from 49 to 58 cm in length and about 7 to 10 kg in weight.
Life expectancy:
15 to 20 years
Location:
The Bobak marmot is native to the steppes of Eastern Europe (primarily Ukraine and Russia) and Central Asia.
Habitat:
Steppe grassland
Endangered:
Stable, LC
Zoonosis:
Plague
Hibernation time:
3 to 6 months
Picture sources:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=43650556